Yes, Canadian students can work while studying in the Netherlands. In Canada, students who have a valid Dutch residence permit are allowed to work up to 16 hours each week while school is in session. They can also work full-time in June, July, and August.
The company that hires them needs to get a work permit for the student. Instead of being an employee, students can also be self-employed if they fulfil the rules for registration and taxes. If an internship is part of the student's school program, they do not need a work permit, as long as the university, the student, and the company all sign an agreement. Students need to do well in their studies to keep their work privileges.